How does a Doppler ultrasonic flow meter measure open-channel flow?

Doppler meters detect frequency shift of ultrasound reflected by suspended particles, deriving velocity; combined with level they compute open-channel flow by velocity-area method.

A Doppler ultrasonic flow meter measures flow velocity by detecting the frequency shift of ultrasound reflected off particles and bubbles drifting with the water (Doppler effect). Mounted above or inside the channel, combined with a water-level reading it computes flow via velocity-area method — ideal for sewers, channels and weirs without full pipes.

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